Tessellations in Architecture

Have you ever noticed the intricate patterns and designs on the facades of buildings that seem to seamlessly repeat and interlock? These mesmerizing patterns are a result of tessellation design, a technique that has been used in architecture for centuries. Let's delve into some examples of tessellation design in both contemporary and historical architecture.

What is Tessellation Design?

Tessellation design is the art of creating a pattern by fitting together identical shapes with no overlaps or gaps. These shapes, known as tiles, can be simple geometric forms like squares, triangles, or hexagons, or more complex shapes like stars or interlocking curves. When these tiles are repeated in a pattern, they create a visually appealing and harmonious design.

Historical Examples

One of the most famous examples of tessellation design in historical architecture is the Alhambra in Spain. The intricate tile work found in the Nasrid Palaces features complex geometric patterns that cover walls, ceilings, and floors. These patterns not only serve a decorative purpose but also have symbolic meanings related to Islamic art and culture.

Another notable historical example is the Parthenon in Athens, Greece. The frieze that wraps around the top of the Parthenon's inner chamber features a continuous tessellated pattern of triglyphs and metopes. This repetition of architectural elements creates a sense of rhythm and unity in the design of the temple.

Contemporary Applications

In contemporary architecture, tessellation design continues to be a popular choice for creating visually striking facades and interiors. One modern example is the Gherkin building in London, also known as 30 St Mary Axe. The distinctive curved glass panels that cover the building's exterior create a tessellated pattern that reflects light in unique ways, giving the building its iconic appearance.

Another contemporary example is the Louvre Abu Dhabi, designed by architect Jean Nouvel. The museum's dome features a complex tessellated pattern of geometric shapes that filter sunlight into the galleries below. This innovative use of tessellation design not only creates a stunning visual effect but also serves a functional purpose in regulating light and temperature within the museum.

Whether in historical landmarks or modern skyscrapers, tessellation design plays a crucial role in shaping the visual identity of architectural structures. By carefully arranging geometric shapes in repetitive patterns, architects can create harmonious and visually engaging designs that stand the test of time.